Difference between sunburn, heat exhaustion and heatstroke
Sunburn is when your skin becomes hot and sore after being damaged by the sun, or not adequately protecting your skin in hot weather. It is characterised by sore skin that may peel and in severe cases blister. You can treat it yourself, and it will usually get better in a week or two.
Heat exhaustion happens when you spend too much time in hot weather and direct sunlight. You usually do not need medical attention for this if you are able to cool down in 30 minutes or less. To help combat heat exhaustion, ensure that you move to a cool, shaded place, then remove all unnecessary clothing such as socks and jackets before cooling the skin and drinking a cold glass of water or a sports rehydration drink. Make sure you are not left alone, or leave someone else with heat exhaustion alone in this time.
Heatstroke happens when the body’s core temperature rises to dangerous levels, usually above due to prolonged exposure to high temperatures or physical exertion in hot and humid conditions. This can lead to a range of symptoms, including headache, dizziness, nausea, rapid heartbeat, confusion, and even seizures or loss of consciousness. This is a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment and if you suspect someone has heatstroke, you should call 999 immediately.
How to stay safe in the sun
It is important to be prepared in hot weather, especially when children are around. To stay safe:
- Stay out of the sunlight when it is strongest, between 11am and 3pm.
- Ensure you are wearing a SPF sunscreen with a minimum factor 30.
- Wear a sun hat, sunglasses and cover up your skin as much as possible.
- Re-apply sunscreen on a regular basis, including when you are done swimming.
- Drink plenty of water and stay hydrated.
How to spot the signs of heat exhaustion and sunstroke
If any of the below symptoms last longer than 30 minutes, or there is confusion, loss of consciousness or a seizure or fit, ensure you call 999 immediately as this may be sunstroke.
- Tiredness and/or dizziness.
- A headache and/or feeling sick, being sick.
- Excessive sweating and skin becoming pale and clammy.
- Cramps in the arms, legs or stomach.
- Fast breathing or heartbeat.
- A high temperature.
- Being very thirsty.